# Realization of a random variable

The value that a random variable will take is, a priori, unknown. However, after we receive the information that has taken a certain value (i.e., ), the value is called the realization of .

The concept extends in the obvious manner also to random vectors and random matrices.

## Notation

Note that random variables are usually denoted by an uppercase letter, while their realizations are usually denoted by a lowercase letter.

So, for example, if we denote a random variable by , its realization is denoted by .

Remember that random variables are functions defined on the set of all possible outcomes of a probabilistic experiment, which is denoted by and is called sample space.

If is the realized outcome, that is, the outcome that has actually happened, then the value taken by the random variable, which is associated to that outcome, is denoted by

Also in this case we say that is the realization of .

## Example

Suppose that we perform a probabilistic experiment having two possible outcomes, and .

The sample space, that is, the set of all possible outcomes, is

Now, suppose that we have a random variable defined as follows:

If the realized outcome of the experiment is , then the realization of the random variable is

## More details

For more details about the realization of a random variable, you can read the lecture entitled Random variables.

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